The Data Protection Act 1988 and 2003

The Data Protection Act 1988 and 2003 Monika Karaliunaite Introduction People are exchanging, sharing and using data every day.   Data, meaning information that can be processed automatically or manually.   When it comes to Personal Data which is data relating to a human being who can be identified from the data, Data Protection becomes very important. The Data Protection Act 1988 and 2003 confer rights on individuals as well as placing responsibilities on those persons processing personal data. Data Subject Data Subject or also called Data Receiver is a living individual to whom personal data relates.   Data Protection Acts provide Subjects with certain rights, to enable them to check what data relating to themselves is being held and how or where it is used.   The rights of data subjects †¢The right to establish the existence of personal data †¢The right of access †¢The right of objection †¢The right of rectification The rights come with responsibilities, it is not given to data subjects that they could make enquiries out of just simply being curious. Rather so that they can check what data is being processed on them and whether it is correct.   Ways for Data Subject to ensure rights †¢Tick boxes online (to choose whether your information can be used for any other purpose) †¢Unsubscribe (from notifications, information/offer e-mails etc.) †¢Read term and conditions, when setting up accounts online †¢Avoid to send e-mails containing confidential information †¢BCC- Email Data Controller is the one who controls the content of personal data.   It can be a legal entity like government department or a company, or an individual say, sole trader or a General Practitioner.   Data Controllers are recognised in the Data Protection Acts 1988 and 2003 as having certain responsibilities imposed on them by law. The responsibilities of Data Controller †¢Ensuring that data is obtained lawfully †¢That it is used for the purpose †¢That it is kept safe and secure †¢It is accurate and up to date †¢That it is relevant †¢That it is not disclosed or used for unlawful purposes †¢That it is not stored longer than necessary and provided to the subject on request All data controllers must comply with the rules/ responsibilities above, and some data controllers are obliged to register annually with the Data Protection Commissioner, to make evident their data handling procedures. How Data Controller ensure the responsibilities are carried out and organisations responsibilities Data Controller must make himself aware of his responsibilities relating to Data Protection.   Within organization, the staff should also be made aware of their responsibilities and appropriate induction training should be given.   Internal data protection policy, relevant to the personal data held by the organisation can be put to place, available to the staff.   Policy reflective to the elementary data protection rules, applied to the organisation.   It can then be enforced through consistent reviews and management. Data Processor Data Processor is someone who processes data on behalf data controller.   It does not include someone who is an employee of data controller and processed the data during his employment.   It is rather a subsidiary company contacted by the data controller to manage or process data on its behalf, such as: †¢Payroll Companies †¢Tax advisers †¢Accountants Data Protection Commissioner Data Protection Commissioner is a sole person who enforces Data Protection Act and its compliance.   He can investigate any complaints concerning data protection breech, develop codes of practice and maintains a register of data controllers. There have been cases when supermarkets have passed on their customers data to other companies. When using loyalty cards at supermarkets, we automatically let the company to gather the information about us without even thinking much of it.   Usually to avail of the loyalty card a questionnaire or an application form needs to be filled, so we are passing on some of our personal details to the company, therefore become the Data Subject.   The company now the Data Controller holds some of our information, and with the help of a loyalty card can continue gather information such as; log of purchases. Coming to the point, there have been cases when consumers of a supermarket have been contacted by formula company, by e-mail, advertising and offering their product.   Passing on personal information is considered a noncompliance with Data Protection Act. www.dataprotection.ie www.ictlaw.com

Decorative Glasses Essay -- Art

Abstract. Glasses have been used as decorative objects in Thailand for several hundred years. Decorative glasses can generally be seen as architectural components in old styled palaces and Buddhist objects. There were various colors ranging from transparent to amber, blue, green and red with different shades among glass of different colors. Fragments of archaeological glass samples were characterized for the first time using Raman microscopy with the aim of obtaining information that would lead to identification of the glass samples by means of laser scattering. The samples were also investigated using other techniques, such as particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope operated with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. They were mostly lead-silica based glasses. The colors resulted from metal ions. The difference in chemical composition was confirmed by Raman signature spectra. Introduction Human have used glassed decorating for centuries. History of glasses as creative arts was determined partly by technical advances in glass manufacturing and decoration, and partly by human taste and fashion. Glasses, one of the oldest artificial materials known to man, those of all types differ widely according to their chemical compositions and physical properties [1]. Glass consists of a three-dimensional Si-O network that covalent bonded Si4+ atoms connect with non-covalent bonded ones (stretching or bending) and every oxygen ion connect with two tetrahedral (bridging). Modification of the glass structure is affected by decreasing the number of Si-O bridges and the connectivity of the network [2]. There are many kinds of archaeological glass found in Thailand, such as decorative glass,... ... of an archaeological glass where found in Thailand, is mostly lead-silica based glasses. Their colors resulted from metal ions. It can be suggested that the considerable content of the fluxing lead, as well as the presence of iron and copper, can be mostly observed in the samples. The presence of gold and tin was observed only in the red colored glass. Dark blue colored glass affected mainly from cobalt that influenced by copper. Dark green ones were colored principally from copper which influenced by iron. The difference in chemical compositions of the glass samples was confirmed by Raman signature spectra. Non-destructive techniques based on Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy proved to be very useful. They offer opportunities for novel applications and prospects for new directions in archaeological science research in Thailand.

Kpop

I believe everyone here has known Hollywood right? And also Plywood? As we know, Hollywood has become the house of best actor, best movie, best music and many more. Also Plywood for its unique dance, song and their clothes such as Sari. Now†¦ How about K-pop? Have you ever heard anything about K-pop? Have you ever seen any k-pop fan girls shouting like crazy to their idols? Will you think they have wasted a lot of time thinking about their idols 2417 rather than studying?If you think in this way, I think you've misunderstand those children who chase after Korean idols. I am a huge fan of KOP. I started becoming a KOP fan girl from 2009 until now. Before I am so into KOP I used to be a person who give up easily, don't have any dreams and doesn't really like to talk to people. The past 5 years of my fan girl life had its ups and downs, Joy and tears, excitement and fulfillment. One thing for sure, I do not regret every single moment of it. Some would say I kind of wasted my 5 year s of my life for KOP.One who does not experience it would surely never understand. The Journey helped me learn more, gain more, and enhance my skills more. The most important thing that ever happens to me was I improved my communication skills a lot by making friend with different fans. If I have never entered to the world of k-pop, I will not be able to step closer to one of my dreams. As u can tell, If not for KOP I would not have experienced this Journey. It Is not really how KOP changed me but how KOP helped me acquire and learn all those things that I know will be helpful in the future.

Sesame Street and the Death of Reading essays

Sesame Street and the Death of Reading essays Sesame Street and the Death of Reading was an interesting article to read. The author explains many who actually sit down and watch the program see no educational gain for their children. It teaches kids how to read (in some areas of the program), but it doesnt teach these things that are needed most when learning to read: language, active reflection, persistence, and internal control. Sesame Street teaches words, numbers, etc. only for a short one minute time frame on the program. Im sure the kid will remember the word for a while, but in order for growing brains to learn is to repeat what it is being taught - something that Sesame Street does not do. Since the learning period is so short, teachers are blaming kids short attention span and low listening skills to Sesame Street. This program is kind of like commercials that play all day for the world to see. What you see is what you get. What you want is what sells. The Childrens Television Workshops philosophy is what kids watch is what sells (formative) rather than evaluating its real educational outcomes (normative). The author did a great job on pointing out the main factors on why Sesame Street is not the way to go program for children, especially ones aged beyond preschool and kindergarten. I thought it was interesting that the author said that the visual events, noises, and slapstick comedy emphasize a trouble in view of the fact that both disadvantaged children and those with learning disabilities have difficulty using verbal strategies for processing information. When you learn in the class there is hardly ever any comedy to it like there is on Sesame Street. I remember watching Sesame Street when i was little. All of those short breaks of learning letters and numbers I already knew. I thought it w ...

How to Avoid Biting Mites (Chiggers)

How to Avoid Biting Mites (Chiggers) Just the mention of chiggers is enough to make any outdoors-loving person tremble in fear. These tiny bugs can be difficult to see when theyre on you, but once youve suffered chigger bites, youll never forget them. Chigger bites are so itchy, they make grown men cry. So what are chiggers, and where do they live? Chiggers Are the Larvae of Mites Chiggers are nothing more than young mites, specifically the parasitic larvae of mites in the genus Trombicula. Mites belong to the class Arachnida, along with ticks and spiders. Like other arachnids, chigger mites go through four developmental stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. Nymphs and adults have four pairs of legs, while the larvae have just three pairs. Unfortunately for us, three pairs of legs are all they need to catch us and make our lives miserable. The Chigger Life Cycle Its important to know that adult mites and nymphs dont bother people at all. They feed on small organisms (including insects) they find on decaying plant matter, as well as on insect eggs. Ecologically speaking, they can be considered beneficial organisms for their role feeding on other potential pests. Adult chigger mites spend the winter in the soil, under leaf litter, or in other protected places. When soil temperatures warm up in the spring, the females deposit eggs on vegetation, most often in areas where its slightly damp and the vegetation is thick. When the eggs hatch, the trouble begins. Hungry larvae crawl up the vegetation and wait for unsuspecting hosts – people, pets, or other wildlife – to wander past. Should you brush against chigger-infested vegetation, or worse, sit down to rest in shady grass full of chiggers, the tiny bugs will immediately crawl up your body, looking for a place to hide. Because chiggers measure just 1⠁„150 inch in diameter, theyre so tiny, you are unlikely to see or feel them. Backpackers, beware! If you drop your pack on the ground during a rest break, check it for chiggers before putting it back on.   Why and Where Chiggers Bite Chiggers like to settle under tight-fitting clothing, so theyll often wind up in your socks or waistband. Other favorite chigger feasting spots include the backs of your knees, your armpits, or your crotch. Once the chiggers find a good location on your body, they pierce your skin with their mouthparts and inject you with a digestive enzyme that breaks down your body tissues. Chiggers then feed on your liquefied tissues. They dont suck your blood, like mosquitoes or ticks. The chigger  remains attached to its host for several days, feeding on dissolved tissues. Once it has an adequate meal, it detaches and drops to the ground, where it continues its development into a nymph. For most people, however, the intense itching caused by the chigger bite leads to equally intense scratching, and the chigger is dislodged by frantic fingers before finishing its meal.   Avoiding Chigger Bites If youve never experienced chigger bites, consider yourself lucky and take every precaution to avoid them. To avoid chigger bites, follow three basic rules: Dress appropriately and use effective repellents when youre likely to be in potential chigger habitat.Avoid walking through chigger habitat whenever possible, and eliminate places where chiggers can breed from your property.Wash your clothing and take a shower immediately after outdoor activities where you might have encountered chiggers.

Final Exa, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Final Exa, - Essay Example Solution A is hypotonic; B is isotonic while that of C is hypertonic. In the case of the solution A, the celery cell will imbibe water molecule and bulge due to osmosis. In the case of solution B, there will be no change in the shape of the celery cell (Campbell, & Reece, 2005). This is because they are of equal concentration and water molecules will be getting into the cell and leaving at the same rate. Lastly, in the solution C, the celery cell will lose shape due to loss of water molecules from the cell-the surrounding is more concentrated than the cell with solute (Campbell, & Reece, 2005). 59. The genotypes of the offspring’s will be; pP-Yy, Pp-Yy, Pp-yy, pp-yy. The phenotypes of the off springs then will be 2 yellow and plump, 1 yellow and shrunken, 1 purple and shrunken. These phenotypes are demonstrated in that manner because P and Y are dominant genes and will always prevail. 60. One of the major environmental problems facing the world is the release of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere resulting into the increased global warming. The problem is much palpable in the heavily industrialized nations that embrace technology and machinery in large scale. The release of chlorofluorocarbons, methane, carbon monoxide and other gases regarded as greenhouse gases do contribute to the entire global warming. 61. Some structures are only found in plant and not in animals these includes; Cell wall, chloroplast, and cell vacuole. The cell wall helps in the maintenance of turgor pressure experienced by the plant cell when they imbibe more water. The chloroplasts on the other hand do help the plant with the provision of chlorophyll with is the sole light trapper for the process of photosynthesis to take place. The cell vacuole also plays a very important role in the maintenance of the plant structure. 62. The term biome is used to refer to the terrestrial habitats. In the Biome, the climatic systems tend to condition certain characteristics on the plant and

History and Background of Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History and Background of Outsourcing - Essay Example . Even though America and European countries are highly developed regions compared to the countries in the other parts of the world, these regions are facing immense manpower shortage in critical employment sectors. For example, in construction industry and healthcare industry, majority of the people working in these regions are from Asian countries. In other words, opportunities are more compared to the number of available manpower resources in developing countries. Thus, manpower cost is highly expensive in developed countries whereas in developing or underdeveloped countries manpower resources are more and hence the labor cost is cheap. For example, heavily populated countries such as India and China have surplus manpower resources whereas employment opportunities are less in these countries. Out sourcing helps developed countries to exploit the abundant cheap manpower resources in heavily populated countries so that they can reduce the prices of their commodities and compete effe ctively in international market. This paper analyses the history and background of outsourcing. History and background of outsourcing The evolution of Outsourcing can be attributed to globalization and liberalization. ... Keeping these points in mind, these countries developed and introduced the globalization policies. Even though countries like China watched these polices with suspicion, they also realised the opportunities quickly and embraced globalization. As industries grown, organizations started to look for opportunities in international market. Domestic markets were insufficient for some of the major organizations to sell their products during the second half of the twentieth century. Such organizations started to explore opportunities outside the domestic market and as a result of that competition started to increase in international market. Along with opportunities, these organizations faced lot of challenges also in international market. Some organizations were able to reduce the prices of their products considerably of the availability of cheap labour in their home country. For example, Chinese products are still causing major worries to international companies because of its cheaper price s. This is because of the fact that China has plenty of manpower resources and their labour cost is comparatively low. In the 1990s, as organizations began to focus more on cost-saving measures, they started to outsource those functions necessary to run a company but not related specifically to the core business. Managers contracted with emerging service companies to deliver accounting, human resources, data processing, internal mail distribution, security, plant maintenance, and the like as a matter of â€Å"good housekeeping†. Outsourcing components to affect cost savings in key functions is yet another stage as managers seek to improve their finances (Handfield, Ph.D, 2006) Even though the business process